Many To Many

Many To Many

Many to Many 会在两个 model 中添加一张连接表。

例如，您的应用包含了 user 和 language，且一个 user 可以说多种 language，多个 user 也可以说一种 language。

// User 拥有并属于多种 language，`user_languages` 是连接表
type User struct {
  gorm.Model
  Languages []Language `gorm:"many2many:user_languages;"`
}

type Language struct {
  gorm.Model
  Name string
}

当使用 GORM 的 AutoMigrate 为 User 创建表时，GORM 会自动创建连接表

反向引用

声明

// User 拥有并属于多种 language，`user_languages` 是连接表
type User struct {
  gorm.Model
  Languages []*Language `gorm:"many2many:user_languages;"`
}

type Language struct {
  gorm.Model
  Name string
  Users []*User `gorm:"many2many:user_languages;"`
}

检索

// 检索 User 列表并预加载 Language
func GetAllUsers(db *gorm.DB) ([]User, error) {
    var users []User
    err := db.Model(&User{}).Preload("Languages").Find(&users).Error
    return users, err
}

// 检索 Language 列表并预加载 User
func GetAllLanguages(db *gorm.DB) ([]Language, error) {
    var languages []Language
    err := db.Model(&Language{}).Preload("Users").Find(&languages).Error
    return languages, err
}

重写外键

对于 many2many 关系，连接表会同时拥有两个模型的外键，例如：

type User struct {
  gorm.Model
  Languages []Language `gorm:"many2many:user_languages;"`
}

type Language struct {
  gorm.Model
  Name string
}

// 连接表：user_languages
//   foreign key: user_id, reference: users.id
//   foreign key: language_id, reference: languages.id

若要重写它们，可以使用标签 foreignKey、references、joinforeignKey、joinReferences。当然，您不需要使用全部的标签，你可以仅使用其中的一个重写部分的外键、引用。

type User struct {
    gorm.Model
    Profiles []Profile `gorm:"many2many:user_profiles;foreignKey:Refer;joinForeignKey:UserReferID;References:UserRefer;joinReferences:ProfileRefer"`
    Refer    uint      `gorm:"index:,unique"`
}

type Profile struct {
    gorm.Model
    Name      string
    UserRefer uint `gorm:"index:,unique"`
}

// 会创建连接表：user_profiles
//   foreign key: user_refer_id, reference: users.refer
//   foreign key: profile_refer, reference: profiles.user_refer

注意： 某些数据库只允许在唯一索引字段上创建外键，如果您在迁移时会创建外键，则需要指定 unique index 标签。

自引用 Many2Many

自引用 many2many 关系

type User struct {
  gorm.Model
    Friends []*User `gorm:"many2many:user_friends"`
}

// 会创建连接表：user_friends
//   foreign key: user_id, reference: users.id
//   foreign key: friend_id, reference: users.id

预加载

GORM 可以通过 Preload 预加载 has many 关联的记录，查看 预加载 获取详情

Many2Many 的 CURD

查看 关联模式 获取 many2many 相关的用法

自定义连接表

JoinTable can be a full-featured model, like having Soft Delete，Hooks supports and more fields, you can set it up with SetupJoinTable, for example:

注意： 自定义连接表要求外键是复合主键或复合唯一索引

type Person struct {
  ID        int
  Name      string
  Addresses []Address `gorm:"many2many:person_addressses;"`
}

type Address struct {
  ID   uint
  Name string
}

type PersonAddress struct {
  PersonID  int `gorm:"primaryKey"`
  AddressID int `gorm:"primaryKey"`
  CreatedAt time.Time
  DeletedAt gorm.DeletedAt
}

func (PersonAddress) BeforeCreate(db *gorm.DB) error {
  // ...
}

// 修改 Person 的 Addresses 字段的连接表为 PersonAddress
// PersonAddress 必须定义好所需的外键，否则会报错
err := db.SetupJoinTable(&Person{}, "Addresses", &PersonAddress{})

外键约束

你可以通过为标签 constraint 配置 OnUpdate、OnDelete 实现外键约束，在使用 GORM 进行迁移时它会被创建，例如：

type User struct {
  gorm.Model
  Languages []Language `gorm:"many2many:user_speaks;"`
}

type Language struct {
  Code string `gorm:"primarykey"`
  Name string
}

// CREATE TABLE `user_speaks` (`user_id` integer,`language_code` text,PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`,`language_code`),CONSTRAINT `fk_user_speaks_user` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`) ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE,CONSTRAINT `fk_user_speaks_language` FOREIGN KEY (`language_code`) REFERENCES `languages`(`code`) ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE);

你也可以在删除记录时通过 Select 来删除 many2many 关系的记录，查看 Delete with Select 获取详情

复合外键

如果您的模型使用了 复合主键，GORM 会默认启用复合外键。

您也可以覆盖默认的外键、指定多个外键，只需用逗号分隔那些键名，例如：

type Tag struct {
  ID     uint   `gorm:"primaryKey"`
  Locale string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
  Value  string
}

type Blog struct {
  ID         uint   `gorm:"primaryKey"`
  Locale     string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
  Subject    string
  Body       string
  Tags       []Tag `gorm:"many2many:blog_tags;"`
  LocaleTags []Tag `gorm:"many2many:locale_blog_tags;ForeignKey:id,locale;References:id"`
  SharedTags []Tag `gorm:"many2many:shared_blog_tags;ForeignKey:id;References:id"`
}

// 连接表：blog_tags
//   foreign key: blog_id, reference: blogs.id
//   foreign key: blog_locale, reference: blogs.locale
//   foreign key: tag_id, reference: tags.id
//   foreign key: tag_locale, reference: tags.locale

// 连接表：locale_blog_tags
//   foreign key: blog_id, reference: blogs.id
//   foreign key: blog_locale, reference: blogs.locale
//   foreign key: tag_id, reference: tags.id

// 连接表：shared_blog_tags
//   foreign key: blog_id, reference: blogs.id
//   foreign key: tag_id, reference: tags.id

查看 复合主键 获取详情